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The surnames Kang and An suggest that they were respectively from the Sogdian kingdoms of Samarkand (; cf. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. Submit interesting and specific facts about something that you just found out here. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . Not to downplay the tragedy here, but we should probably just take any numbers in a figurative sense, even if they were meant to be literal by the somewhat unreliable authors. An Lushan Rebellion. However, the Timurid Empire would not long survive its maker. [11] He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. [14][31] The chancellor Zhang Jiuling, arguing that An's death would be necessary to preserve military discipline and further believing that An had the appearance of a rebel, advocated An's death, but Emperor Xuanzong believed An to be able and did not want to execute him, and therefore spared him but stripped him of titles, returning him to serve under Zhang. Subsequently, An induced Geshu to write letters to several Tang generals, urging them to surrender, but they all refused. In total, across more than a century of warfare the Mongols are believed to have been directly responsible for the deaths of 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 people, in addition to displacing hundreds of millions and indirectly causing the calamitous Black Plague in Europe. An Lushan Rebellion The An Lushan Rebellion was a rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China between 755 A.D. and 763 A.D. You must log in or register to reply here. I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article Emperor Xuanzong was pleased by the comical situation and rewarded both Consort Yang and An greatly. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. Along the way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, they were treated with respect and joined his ranks. An considered withdrawing north of the Yellow River to secure the territory, but meanwhile, suspicions had begun to rise between Yang Guozhong and Geshu, each believing that the other had designs on himself. FOR SALE! 343 BC290 BC. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious In an effort to quickly establish peace after the Rebellion, the Tang dynasty pardoned many rebels, and put some of them in command of their own garrisons, eroding the authority of the central government. WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. The two teams divided again into vast forces, and called themselves the Allies and the Axis. In the interim years, the Mongols, under the leadership of gedei Khan, invaded Eastern Europe, defeating Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Serbia, in addition to solidifying control over the Middle East after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. Faced with the threat of divided loyalties, on January 1, 1851, the Qing Green Standard Army attacked the God Worshiping Society at Jintian; in response to this provocation, Hong proclaimed himself the Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace and sent forth his armies against the Qing. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. Late Yuan Warfare & Transition to Ming Dynasty (Death Toll Estimate: 30 Million) 12. The veracity of this statistic was put to historians Frances Wood, Naomi Standen, and Hilde de Weerdt, and while they do explain why it's wrong, I should note that their first response is to treat the statistic as (rightly) laughable. This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace The Revolt of An Lushan. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. TIL that, in terms of global population, the deadliest conflict of all time was the Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. When An went to Chang'an later that year to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong, he presented Emperor Xuanzong with 8,000 Xi captives. He retained Gao Shang (), Yan Zhuang (), Zhang Tongru (), and Sun Xiaozhe () as his strategists; and Shi Siming, An Shouzhong (), Li Guiren (), Cai Xide (), Niu Tingjie (), Xiang Runrong (), Li Tingwang (), Cui Qianyou (), Yin Ziqi (), He Qiannian (), Wu Lingxun (), Neng Yuanhao (), Tian Chengsi, Tian Qianzhen (), and Ashina Chengqing () as his generals. Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater. With no true opposition left, the Qing set about pacifying the remnants of Ming China, a task that would take another forty years to complete. Serving with him was Shi Sugan (later named Shi Siming), who was one day older than he was and who became a good friend of his. [37] However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and after the rebellion) to a breakdown in Tang taxation and census gathering. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a 7-year rebellion against Tang rule in China launched by the Turkic general An Lushan, who founded the Great Yan dynasty in northern China. WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. After reaching Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of the crown prince, who was proclaimed Suzong. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. American soldiers at Omaha Beach, during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 June 1944. The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. 1), p. 105. or "the luminous", Beckwith, p. 145, n. 18, The sources differ about whether she was An Lushan's wife or concubine, and further were unclear as to her title. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. Wikimedia Commons. Traditionally dated as beginning on September 1, 1939, following the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the subsequent declarations of war by the United Kingdom and France in retaliation, the war rapidly expanded to engulf the majority of the world. On one occasion, three days after his birthday, he was taken into the womens quarters of the palace dressed as a baby, and put through a mock adoption ceremony by Yang. (Changan itself was briefly occupied by the Tibetan army in 764, after the course of the rebellion.). [36], On 8 January 756,[39] An Lushan crossed the Yellow River, quickly capturing Chenliu (, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) and Yingyang (, roughly modern Zhengzhou, Henan) Commanderies. In 732, when the general Zhang Shougui () was governing You Prefecture (, roughly modern Beijing), it was discovered that An Lushan had stolen sheep. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. Referensi [ sunting | sunting After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and Chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although Yeah, it's really unknowable, which is the trend the further back you go in history. As a result, the deputy ministers of civil service, Song Yao () and Miao Jinqing were demoted. COVID-19 (Death Toll Estimate: 6 Million) [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. It lasted for two decades and left around 25 million people dead, possibly more. [16] Meanwhile, Yan Zhenqing's cousin Yan Gaoqing (), who initially submitted to An, rose against An at Changshan Commandery (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) but was quickly defeated and delivered to An in Luoyang; An executed him and sent An Qingxu to make an initial attack against Tong Pass, and Geshu Han repelled the attack. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. Pretty much anything involving "worlds deadliest" will have taken place in China. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century, Chinese History - Political History of the Tang Dynasty, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1054297, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. An Lushan Rebellion Estimated Deats: 13,000,000 ___ 36,000,000 Location: China Year: 755 to 763 The An Lushan Rebellion took place in China during 33,500+. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. They were demolished, and the road to the capital now lay open. Drives me nuts. An subsequently returned to Fanyang. an lushan rebellion death toll percentagehow to cite creative commons in powerpoint. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. (Xuanzong recognized Li Heng's actions and subsequently took the title Taishang Huang (retired emperor).) In 756, he took the capital of Changan and forced the Emperor to flee. The time of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of, if not the, bloodiest in Chinese history. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. The An Lushan Rebellion was a revolutionary action against the Tang Dynasty; the war One of Suzong's first acts as emperor was to appoint the generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to deal with the rebellion. WebKey Points. [32], According to the Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, it was said that An was attempting to increase his own strength and planning a rebellion, and in 747, he claimed to be building Fort Xiongwu () and asked fellow military governor Wang Zhongsi to contribute troops, hoping to hold onto the troops that Wang would send and not return them. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. [32], In 744, with further praises from the powerful chancellor Li Linfu and Pei Kuan, An was, in addition to Pinglu, made the military governor of Fanyang Circuit (, headquartered in modern Beijing). You learn something new every day; what did you learn today? Initial stage In the spring of 755, matters were beginning to This is exactly what I was looking for!! was extremely obese. for controlling the Khitan and Xi and surrounding area. 1976. WebA devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China that began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan dynasty, and ended when the Yan fell on February 17, 763. jiedushi He approached Luoyang, where he encountered an ill-prepared army commanded by Feng, defeating Feng quickly and forcing Feng to flee and concede Luoyang to him. An Lushan, Wade-Giles romanization An Lu-shan, original surname Kang, imperial name Xiongwu, (born 703, Yingzhou [now Chaoyang, Liaoning province], With an estimated death toll of 50-70 million people, historians rate the Mongolian Conquests as one of the deadliest wars. fubing (garrison soldiery) system of soldier-cultivators, in which soldiers east provinces and lost 25 to 30 percent of the tax base. Similar processes apply to his An Lushan estimates, ie confusing a decline in registered households by government census with an absolute population decline, when if anything it actually shows a more limited census. The power of the jiedushi, or provincial military governors, increased greatly after imperial troops crushed the rebels, taking administrative power away from the scholar-officials. WebThe death of Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero (c. 1867). WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. By 763, internal strife and renewed Tang offensives ended the rebellion. Twitchett, Denis Crispin, and John King Fairbank. Zhang took him in and treated him like a son. An Lushan Rebellion death toll. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. (Soon, due to accusations of the eunuch Bian Lingcheng (), Emperor Xuanzong executed Feng and Gao, and replaced Gao with Geshu Han.) Wikimedia Commons. The Conquest of Mexico by Corts; author unknown (c. late 17th century). Nearly 36 million people died, a toll comparable to the first world war. In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son, An Qingxu, after exhibiting signs of extreme paranoia which posed a danger to those around him. Eventually An Lushan was made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. Later in 754, An defeated Xi forces, capturing their chieftain Li Riyue (). 33,500+. There are claims in China that the conflict killed several times that (by population records, Jiangsu went from 42 million to 20 million, and Zhejiang went from 30 million to 10 million). Let us debunk myths, examine the legends of the past, and explore the innovations which have transformed our lives. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . in: Sun, Jinji et al. The Revolt of An Lushan. As his intestines were coming out of his body, An screamed "this is a thief of my own household" and died. The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also significant associated Despite superior numbers, the geography of the mountain passes precluded an advance on the capital of Changan until 756, at which point Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan where he abdicated his throne. Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. [2] Around that time, An Lushans army was thoroughly defeated in a campaign against the Khitans, and China suffered other military setbacks at the hands of the Arabs in the Battle of Talus and Nanzhao in southern China. But in his sickness and blindness An became ill-tempered and paranoid, and would flog or even murder his servants if they had caused him any displeasure. I had only known about Your Imperial Majesty, and not that there is such a thing as a reserve emperor." This type of conduct led to rumors of an inappropriate relationship between Yang and An Lushan. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. Thereafter, whenever An visited the capital, he was allowed free admittance to the palace, and there were rumors that he and Consort Yang had an affair, but Emperor Xuanzong discounted the rumors. [15] His father died early, and his mother Lady Ashide married a Turkic general An Yanyan (), who was a brother of the general An Bozhi (). Thereafter, Emperor Xuanzong refused to believe any suggestions that An was plotting rebellion, despite Li Heng agreeing with Yang's assessment on this issue. His generals rarely saw him, and most important matters were handled through Yan Zhuang ().[42]. [15][16], By 736, An Lushan carried a general title and was serving under Zhang Shougui as an officer of the Pinglu Army (, based in modern Chaoyang). This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not an academic historian, and when writing on history has used either non-peer reviewed sources like websites, or has misinterpreted academic histories. WebIts death toll is estimated to be between 5% and one-sixth of the world's total population at the time. The final death toll was staggering. Yang Guozhong made repeated accusation against An to Emperor Xuanzong that he was plotting a rebellion, but the accusation were dismissed by Emperor Xuanzong. On the way, at Mawei Inn in Shaanxi, Xuanzong's bodyguard troops demanded the death of Yang Guozhong, and of his cousin, Lady Yang, whom they held responsible for the political upheaval in China. Originally a secret member of the Golden Turtles, the Chinese branch of the Order of the Ancients, his bitter feud with Yang Guozhong over leadership of the Golden Turtles spilled out into court
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