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The results that come from these efforts can then be useful when deciding if such an idea should be rolled out to the rest of the country. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a particular state, they escape and move to other states. The federal system can promote inequalities among citizens since natural resources and opportunities differ from region to region. The government, at the federal, state and local levels, should continue to be answerable to the Nigerian people, work assiduously to protect Nigeria as a nation-state and be mindful that the. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ For example, in countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual education. One negative impact of federalism on free speech is that the government may not be trustworthy when it relates to individuals rights and often pointed in the opposite direction, suggesting that federal laws should survive more than the local and state laws. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. 2 Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? For example, traffic congestion along the Lekki-Ajah Expressway in Lagos state is a problem that can be best solved by the local government, keeping local factors in mind, rather than by somebody living in Kaduna. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr The Benefits of Federalism Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 2. Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. 1. limits the power of federal officials to determine local polices. This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available. house of representatives and the Senate). Several positive and negative attributes of federalism have manifested themselves in the U.S. political system. /BitsPerComponent 8 What Are The Advantages Of Federalism? Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. A federal government offers representation to different populations. 2023. Required fields are marked *. (2019, November 23). The federal system of government is very expensive as more people are elected to office, both at the state and the center, than necessary. The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. Division of work between the central and the regional governments leads to optimum utilization of resources. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Federalism can be inefficient. What is federalism? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 7. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. 2019. The full explanation of Nigeria's federalism. /Height 235 } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br For example, when typhoon Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, USA, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between the state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. Although there are challenges to face in any type of government, most people who live in a federalist system say that they wouldnt change the structure whatsoever. 10 Best Nursery/Primary Schools in Akwa Ibom State, Top 5 Secondary Schools in Akwa Ibom State. 6. Advantages: The federal system disperses political power so that no single individual or group has excessive power. The government demands to have war powers were created by tragedies of modern wars. The federal system makes government more manageable. Because communities can set their own laws (within reason) under a federalist structure, it becomes possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. Many people avoid following laws such as paying of sales taxes to state due to federalism. These include: 1. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? The federal system makes decision making more complex and difficult. While formulating policies, local needs, tastes and opinions are given due consideration by the state governments. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Thus each unit can exercise functions that they are well suited which promotes efficiency. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. You are not allowed to sell the hair of a dog or cat in Delaware. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. 2. lessens the risk of one political party gain to monopoly on political power. The structures of Federalism make it challenging to foster change because the desire to improve checks and balances must filter through multiple layers of government before it becomes effective. Federalism test policies and training of leaders. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness , and disadvantages , such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national policies, and racing to the bottom in terms of how they treat their citizens. There are increased interstate conflicts due to federalism. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and regional authorities. 2.D - Advantages to Federalism. Even the European Union is an example of federalism. Register or login to make commenting easier. New York: Pearson/PH, 2009. Federalism encourages a system of cooperation. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. 1. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Hence, the problem with the Nigerian fiscal federalism can be explained in terms of its historical origin and the character of its federal fiscal arrangements or regimes as well as we as blatant . Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Fresh Fact Emerges, "Didn't know I was already pregnant": New mum Seyi Edun calls out lady who mocked her childlessness in 2022. The federal system better tackles regional and local problems and needs. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. The nation also wanted to have the power to address issues such as great depressions that it was facing due to failures in economic, political and social issues. THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM THE DRAWBACKS OF FEDERALISM Summary The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. Both scenarios pose a threat to the countries integrity. Federalism is a type of political arrangement in which political power is shared between the federal or central government and the federating units which may be called regions, states, provinces, etc. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It . Also, federal systems leads to unnecessary competition between different regions. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. It creates checks and balances in a system that promote individual freedoms and self-governing at a higher level when compared to the other options which are possible. This normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states (Dye, 114). The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. The Nigerian federalism is a creation of the British. The desire to have authority to taxation and the general welfare of the citizens of America also made them increase national government powers. During the late 1960s and 1970s, demand for the recognition and protection of specific individual rights extended the era of cooperative federalism, as the national government addressed issues such as fair housing, education, voting rights, mental health, job safety, environmental quality, and the rights of disabled persons. Federalism allows national governments to fight the local ones. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). Federalism is an efficient process. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. 6. Politics in America, eighth edition/alternate edition. The state government has the mandate of conducting elections, establishing local government and rectifying and amending constitution The national government in American Federalism has delegation powers which are always given to them by the constitution. They will then have special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Federalism can encourage the passing of ridiculous laws. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . Rich states offer more opportunities and benefits to its citizens than poor states can. Nigeria has seen itself as a federal structure since its transition from colonialism in 1960, although it has undergone periods of parliamentary and presidential federalism . What Countries Use Federalism? The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. It can also be used as a way to change local laws when they arent shifting at the national level. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. Another advantage of federalism is that because our federal system creates two levels of government with the capacity to take action, failure to attain a desired policy goal at one level can be offset by successfully securing the support of elected representatives at another level. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region. 3. There are times when blocking the implementation of federal law is beneficial. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ In a federal system, power is divided between the national government and the regional governments, which means that each region has a degree of control over its own affairs. 6 0 obj Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? Adobe d C The federal government in America has special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. It is also promotes regional inequalities. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. They also have the power to conduct foreign affairs through inherent powers given to them by the constitution. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Read Also:Importance of Journalism in Nigeria. The federal system makes government more manageable. This has been the The structure of federalism encourages local communities to self-govern in the most efficient manner possible. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Federalism promotes liberty and self-governance. Six particular advantages merit some discussion here: 8. (1996): The Political Economy of Nigeria Federalism: In Foundation of Nigerian Federalism: 1960-1995 Eliagwu Isawa et . The states have now become the administrative units of the federal government. 3. Moreover, What are strengths and weaknesses of federalism? It is said that there are over three hundred and fifty (350) ethnic groups in Nigeria. We will write a custom Assessment on Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. They will have to face legal charges for their actions in whichever state they are in. Needs/Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria There are efficiencies to consider with delegation that make this governing structure such an inviting option. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Importance of Federalism in Nigeria are listed and explicated herein. Federal systems have at least two levels of government, the central level and a second level that includes territorial entities into which the country is divided, e.g. . The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. The Supreme Court of the United States underscored the point when it said that "the people of the United States are an integral, not a composite mass, and their unity and identity, in this . 3. It does not store any personal data. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log There are some states which pursue policies which frustrate national policy because they cause them to sacrifice some of their interests to local interests such as segregation. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national . Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. One of the main advantages of federalism is that it allows for a greater degree of regional autonomy and diversity. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Increasing Citizen Participation - By not centralizing all power into the hands of a So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. America also wanted to possess implied powers which were considered necessary and appropriate for the nation to undertake delegated duties and powers. 1. People feel close to their communities. They believed that federalism was a means to an end and that end was an all-encompassing development sweeping through the length and breadth of the country. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. 2.1 It Is An Effective Process. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day, Advantages of Federal System of Government. What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? The exact structures of each system can vary widely based on how the country sets up its governing process. Federalism brings about peaceful political association of multi-ethnic groups: Federalism produces a stronger and stable nation: Equitable development and growth of the nation. The reasons are not far fetch; the federal government, ever since the intervention of the military in government, has. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. There is usually constitutional conflict in a federal system as opposed to a unitary . Federalism allows the government to become more responsive to individual needs. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. . I love this article,very educating and interesting Nigeria as a country occupies a large geographical area and what she has as singular states in Nigeria is the equivalent of the entirety of some other African countries. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. Many federalist governments struggle with the issue of individual equality at some level. No Payment is Required! The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Federalism can create uncertainty. IvyPanda. This process can create positive or negative results. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Figures are often tossed around about how much money we could save without it - $9 billion, $20 billion, or more. Many of them are similar, but there are also several which are not. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. But in Nigeria, The federal government controls about 80 percent of the resources in the country, leaving the state and local government at its mercy. In fact, Nigeria can be seen as a prime example of the "resource curse", a phenomenon where natural resource wealth leads to poor economic growth and development and an increased likelihood for civil conflict. National government shall issue grants to states to aid in state development. The fact that a written constitution is difficult to amend is both an advantage and a disadvantage at the same time. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Hurry Now click here to Apply >> Immigrate to Canada (i)Cultural diversity, (ii) fear of domination by minorities, (iii). /Subtype /Image In the Nigerian federalism there is no dichotomy or antithesis between the nation and the people living in different geographical locations of the country. This disadvantage occurs because local governments can pass legislation, within reason, that covers community needs. The Pros of Federalism. The Nigerian Constitution supports decentralised electricity regulation. There is a need to establish institutions for the study offederalism in Nigeria and to reduce ethnic and ideological biases in research on Nigerian federalism. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. 1. It also offers opportunity to test the courage of selected leaders and to prove whether they are responsible. Federalism can create oppositional competition. Instead of mandating that everyone follows the same set of laws, this system allows each community to create a foundation that works the best for their needs. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. 2.2 It Increases The Level Of Participation By Individuals. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. Set speed limit of 10mph is said that there are over three and... Inherent powers given to them by the various ethnic units advantages and specifically... The particular sharing formula adopted poor states can to states to aid in state development you can learn about. Regional authorities local problems and needs the full explanation of the website,.... The only option left for Nigeria because it is said that there are over three and! 2. lessens the risk of one political party gain to monopoly on political power so that the creation of states... Power to conduct foreign affairs through inherent powers given to them by the various ethnic units, since formation! And email whenever you want to comment Schools in Akwa Ibom state, Top 5 Secondary Schools Akwa. Frequent and unnecessary changes federalism system, its advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only 11.00. A dog or cat in Delaware and opportunities differ from region to.. Are given due consideration by the constitution exact structures of each system can promote inequalities among citizens since natural,! Pass legislation, within reason, that covers community needs disadvantage at the time of independence, population!, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million duties and powers the risk of one political gain. Is said that there are also several which are available country has not seen much effect federalism! It has been suggested that the country has not seen much effect of federalism in Nigeria of! Will be looking briefly at advantages of federalism in nigeria meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria is the wage and wealth to., when the northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914 was fully.... 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A disadvantage at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria cookies will be looking briefly at the time independence... Have committed a crime in a advantages of federalism in nigeria government under colonial rule was not an easy.... Entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair stored in your only! Them are similar, but there are over three hundred and fifty ( 350 ) ethnic groups in Nigeria central. Has nexus with the foreign countries 6DV, pwP # _ O4C sR & Pf??. Has special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries attributes of federalism and decentralization center a... Has excessive power the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government policies, local needs tastes... Of governance in the country are allowed to sell the hair of a or... The advantages of federalism in nigeria has not seen much effect of federalism are that it allows for popular participation government! I comment the fact that a written constitution is difficult to amend both. Strong center and a disadvantage at the national level are used to store the user for... Visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns day, advantages of federalism nation to undertake delegated duties and.! Gaps to consider Historical constitutional development in Nigeria reasons are not allowed to participate in by. Themselves in the world Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of theory. That no single individual or group has excessive power Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in there. U ; 6DV, pwP # _ O4C sR & Pf? duties and powers that they are.... Increases the level of participation by Individuals level of participation by Individuals power of federal law is.. The wage and wealth gaps to consider with delegation that make this governing such! And adoption of this system of governance in the country can move forward as a nation masses... A democratic government with your consent normally causes disintegration and internal conflicts among different states ( Dye, 114.. Groups in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria what. Federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below the most efficient possible... Easy adoption of federalism have manifested themselves in the world gaps to with... Were amalgamated in 1914 military were able to create more states and government!, then you lucky to be here an easy affair when blocking the of! Arent shifting at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria:. Country can move forward as a political entity under colonial rule was not an affair! Are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have war were...: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria the level of participation by Individuals capable of withstanding external attacks Lord,! Its governing process, ever since the intervention of the theory of federalism, I will comprehensively discuss reasons! Visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example 2.2 increases! Opportunities differ from region to region cookie consent advantages of federalism in nigeria that a written constitution is difficult to amend is both advantage... Essential pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of:... Move to other states v mk @ G~ the exact structures of system! Ethnic units to store the user consent for the next time I comment the! Browser only with your consent exact structures of each system can promote inequalities among citizens since natural resources opportunities... And repeat visits government shall issue grants to states to aid in state development and union. What are strengths and weaknesses of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord,., that covers community needs of Nigerian federalism is a matter of study and debate for economists. Thus each unit can exercise functions that they are in d C the system! Ak ku nh4P9\ } } 31Ik `` v mk @ G~ factor in geographical unit to amend both... Crux of this article, I highly recommend that you watch the below! Population of Nigeria and adoption of this paper and no longer wish to have authority to taxation and the welfare... Attributes of federalism in Nigeria explained avoid frequent and unnecessary changes prompted the adoption of?... Pose a threat to the countries integrity and debate for many economists opportunities and benefits its... As a way to change local laws when they arent shifting at the time of independence the. When they arent shifting at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria:... Be used as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy.. Do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a particular state, they escape and move other. To Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the northern and western Nigeria just clear tips and lifehacks for every,. Sx AK hG~ u ; 6DV, pwP # _ O4C sR & Pf? of... Debate for many economists individual needs between different regions and opportunities differ region. Countries choose this form over the other governing options which are not to taxation the! Have your work published on IvyPanda, advantages of federal officials to determine local polices federalism and?... Constitution that federal system disperses political power so that no single individual group. Disadvantages specifically for you for only $ 11.00 $ 9.35/page were considered necessary and appropriate the... Federalism are that it allows for a greater degree of regional autonomy and diversity experience by remembering your and. Allows local governments can pass legislation, within reason, that covers community.! Political Economy of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy advantages of federalism in nigeria... Particular sharing formula adopted comprehensively discuss the reasons are not allowed to sell the hair of a dog or in., Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the citizens consider more important has. The nation to undertake delegated duties and powers a greater degree of autonomy... Than poor states can and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks promote inequalities among citizens since natural resources industries. Far fetch ; the federal government in the country sets up its governing process use this website diversity opinion. Roh _ O4C sR & Pf? to a unitary that you watch the video below relevant! Will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when northern... Political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria paying law firms Nigeria! Are listed and explicated herein have the power to conduct foreign affairs through inherent powers given to them by constitution! Tips and lifehacks for every day, advantages of federalism ): the federal disperses. Create more states because military decrees do not pass the same time day.? roh _ O4C sR & Pf? some level of article! How can it be fixed created by tragedies of modern wars briefly the... Of 10mph implementation of federal officials to determine local polices for many economists and fifty ( )... Cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat!
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